Venice on the Brink: Could It One Day Be Visited Only by Submarine?

One of Italy’s most iconic cities, Venice, is facing a serious long-term threat, according to recent scientific assessments.

Rising sea levels driven by climate change could eventually submerge large parts of the city, with extreme scenarios suggesting it might one day be accessible only via submarines.

Climate Pressure on a Fragile City

Known for its canals and lagoon-based structure, Venice has always existed in a delicate balance with nature. However, accelerating sea-level rise and environmental pressures are pushing this balance to its limits. Frequent flooding events in recent years highlight how this risk is no longer theoretical but increasingly tangible.

A report by University of Salento emphasizes that current protective measures may not be sufficient in the long run. Experts underline the need to balance cultural preservation, urban sustainability, and economic feasibility.

Large-Scale Solutions and Difficult Choices

Efforts to protect Venice include massive barrier systems and coastal defense projects. Among them, the MOSE barrier system stands out as a key initiative aimed at mitigating tidal flooding.

Yet in more severe scenarios, infrastructure alone may not be enough. Some experts even consider relocating historic structures as a last resort. Landmarks such as St Mark's Basilica and Doge's Palace are already part of specialized protection strategies.

Massive Costs, Uncertain Outcomes

The financial burden of large-scale protection and potential relocation could reach €100 billion, with additional losses in private property running into billions more. In some cases, abandoning certain residential areas may become unavoidable.

While these scenarios are not expected in the immediate future, scientists warn that if current climate trends continue—especially accelerated ice melt—the 22nd century could bring far more dramatic consequences.

Climate expert Piero Lionello notes that while mitigation measures can delay the process, they cannot fully eliminate the long-term risks.

A Point of No Return?

Experts agree that existing measures can provide short- to medium-term relief. However, without faster and more comprehensive global action, the threat will continue to grow.

If the worst-case scenario unfolds, Venice could lose its unique cultural identity and transform into a submerged historical site—visited not by gondolas, but by underwater expeditions.